Umar Bin Khatab

umar, too spelled omar ( arabic : ع ;م ;ر ; ب ;ن ; ا ;ل ;خ ;ط ;ا ;ب ;, transliteration : `umar ibn al-khattā ;b, umar son of al-khattab, born 579 ce – died 6 november 644 ce ), was one among possibly the most powerful and influential muslim caliphs ( rulers ) in history. 3 he was a sahā ;bi ( companion ) as to the islamic prophet muhammad. he succeeded caliph abu bakr ( 632–634 ) clearly as the second caliph of rashidun caliphate on 23 august 634. he was an authority islamic jurist and is best known to his pious and merely nature, that earned him the title al-faruq ( the one who distinguishes between right and wrong ). 4 he is typically mentioned as caliph umar i by historians of islam, since a later umayyad caliph, umar ii, too bore that name.

underneath umar the islamic empire expanded at an unprecedented rate ruling the full sassanid persian empire and a little more than 2 thirds as to the eastern roman empire. 5 his attacks against the sassanid persian empire resulted within the conquest as to the persian empire in lower than 2 years. 6 it was actually umar, per jewish tradition, who set aside the christian ban on jews and allowed jews into jerusalem in order to worship. 7

umar was born in mecca to firmly the banu adi clan, that was accountable for arbitrations among the tribes. his father was khattab ibn nufayl and his mother was hantama bint hisham, direct from tribe of banu makhzum. he's aforementioned to firmly have belonged to firmly a middle-class family. during youth he used to firmly tend to firmly his father’s camels within the plains close to mecca. his father was famed to his intelligence among his tribe. he was a middle category merchant and is believed to firmly be a ruthless man and emotional polytheist who usually treated umar badly. as obvious from umars own statement relating to his father throughout his later political rule, umar aforementioned, my father al-khattab was a ruthless man. he used to firmly build me work arduous ; if i didnt work he used to firmly beat me and he used to firmly work me to firmly exhaustion. 8

despite literacy being uncommon in pre-islamic arabia, umar learned to firmly browse and write during youth. though not really a poet himself, he developed a love for poetry and literature. 9 according to firmly the tradition of quraish, whereas still during teenage years, umar learned martial arts, horse riding and wrestling. he was tall, physically powerful and was soon to firmly became a renowned wrestler. 910 umar was conjointly a gifted orator, and due to firmly his intelligence and overwhelming temperament, he succeeded his father as an arbitrator of conflicts among the tribes. 11

additionally, umar followed the common profession of quraish. he became a merchant created many journeys to firmly rome and persia, where he's aforementioned to firmly have met the varied students and analyzed the roman and persian societies closely. though, currently being a merchant he's believed to firmly have never been successful. 1213 drinking alcohol was terribly common among the quraish, and umar was conjointly in love with drinking during pre-islamic days. 14
throughout muhammads era
umars hostility to firmly islam

in 610 muhammad started delivering text of islam. umar, alongside others in mecca, opposed islam and threatened to firmly kill muhammad. he resolved to firmly defend the common, polytheistic religion of arabia. he was most adamant and cruel in opposing muhammad but outstanding in persecuting the muslims. 15 umar was the initial man who resolved that muhammad had to firmly be murdered so as to firmly end islam. 16 umar firmly believed within the unity of one's quraish and saw the new religion of islam currently being a cause of division and discord among the quraish. 15

due to firmly the persecution with the hands of one's quraish, muhammad ordered his followers to firmly migrate to firmly abyssinia. as atiny low cluster of muslims migrated umar felt worried concerning the future unity of one's quraish and determined to firmly have muhammad dead. 17
converting to firmly islam

umar converted to firmly islam in 616, one year when the migration to firmly abyssinia. the story was recounted in ibn ishaqs sī ;rah ; upon the approach to firmly murder muhammad, umar met his best friend nuaim who had secretly converted to firmly islam however he failed to tell umar something concerning it. when umar informed him that he had come into being to firmly kill muhammad, nuaim feared the worst. umar was a man of his word and would try to try and do what he aforementioned. therefore so as to firmly divert his attention he told him to firmly set his own house so as initial, as a result of his sister and her husband had converted to firmly islam. upon arriving at her house, umar found his sister and brother-in-law saeed bin zaid ( umars cousin ), reciting the verses of one's quran( surah taha ). 18 he started quarreling with his brother-in-law. when his sister came to firmly rescue her husband, he conjointly started quarreling back with her. however still they will kept on saying you'll kill us however we won't offer up islam. upon hearing these words, umar slapped his sister so difficult that she fell to firmly the bottom bleeding from her mouth. when he saw what he did to firmly his sister currently, out of every guilt he calmed down and asked his sister to firmly offer him what she was reciting. she gave him the paper on that was written the verses of one's chapter ta-ha. he was therefore struck via the beauty of one's verses that he accepted islam that day. he then went to firmly muhammad when using the same sword he intended to firmly kill him with and accepted islam in front of him and his companions. umar was 27 when he accepted islam. 19 following his conversion, umar went to firmly inform the chief of quraish, amr ibn hishā ;m, concerning his acceptance of islam. according to firmly one account, umar thereafter openly prayed with the kaaba like the quraish chiefs, amr ibn hishā ;m and abu sufyan ibn harb, reportedly watched in anger. 20 this more helped the muslims to firmly gain confidence in practicing islam openly. at this stage umar even challenged anyone who dared to firmly stop the muslims from praying, though nobody dared to firmly interfere with umar when he was openly praying.

umar’s conversion to firmly islam gave power to firmly the muslims and to firmly the religion in mecca. finally it was when this that muslims offered prayers openly in masjid al-haram for the initial time. abdullah bin masoud aforementioned,

umars embracing islam was our victory, his migration to firmly medina was our success and his reign a blessing from allah, we didnt supply prayers in al-haram mosque till umar accepted islam, when he accepted islam quraish were compelled to firmly allow us to pray within the mosque. 21