Tugas 2 Softskill Penerjemahan Berbantuan Komputer

Yuk Kenali Pengertian Teknologi Virtual Reality (VR)

Salah satu tren yang menarik lainnya di 2016 ini adalah virtual reality atau biasa disingkat VR. Virtual reality adalah sebuah teknologi yang membuat pengguna atau user dapat berinteraksi dengan lingkungan yang ada dalam dunia maya yang disimulasikan oleh komputer, sehingga pengguna merasa berada di dalam lingkungan tersebut. Di dalam bahasa Indonesia virtual reality dikenal dengan istilah realitas maya.
Kelebihan utama dari virtual reality adalah pengalaman yang membuat user merasakan sensasi dunia nyata dalam dunia maya. Bahkan perkembangan teknologi virtual reality saat ini memungkinkan tidak hanya indra penglihatan dan pendengaran saja yang bisa merasakan sensasi nyata dari dunia maya dari virtual reality, namun juga indra yang lainnya.
Teknologi virtual reality sejatinya telah banyak diterapkan di beberapa sektor industri seperti kedokteran, penerbangan, pendidikan, arsitek, militer, hiburan dan lain sebagainya. Virtual reality sangat membantu dalam mensimulasikan sesuatu yang sulit untuk dihadirkan secara langsung dalam dunia nyata. Seperti halnya untuk bidang militer, alih-alih menerjunkan langsung para tentara ke medan perang sebagai latihan, virtual reality bisa menghadirkan simulasi perang secara virtual. Para tentara bisa merasakan sensasi berada di medan perang secara nyata dengan virtual reality. Tentunya ini bisa lebih praktis dan lebih ekonomis.
Pemanfaatan virtual reality juga sangat membantu dalam bidang penerbangan. Dengan menggunakan virtual reality, para pilot bisa berlatih untuk menerbangkan pesawat secara virtual. Para pilot bisa merasakan sensasi menerbangkan pesawat tanpa harus benar-benar menerbangkan pesawat sungguhan. Dan tentunya akan menghindari resiko terjadinya kecelakaan saat latihan.

Perangkat dan Elemen Virtual Reality

Bagaimana bentuk dari perangkat virtual reality? Peranti yang digunakan untuk mendukung teknologi virtual reality biasanya berupa helm, walker, headset dan sarung tangan (glove). Helm berfungsi membuat tampilan gambar yang dilihat penggunanya tampak lebih realistis dan dekat.
Sedangkan headset bisa memberikan efek suara yang jernih dan jelas, sehingga penggunanya larut dalam suasana ‘nyata’ yang diciptakan oleh teknologi ini. Walker  dan gloves bertugas untuk menangkap gerakan kaki dan tangan, serta memberikan sensasi nyata pada tangan dan kaki saat berada di lingkungan yang diciptakan oleh virtual reality tersebut.
Misalnya, saat berada di medan perang sesungguhnya, pengguna akan merasa seperti membawa senjata yang real dan merasakan langkah kaki yang berat saat berada di tanah berlumpur.

Translated by google translate

Know the Understanding of Virtual Reality Technology (VR)

One other interesting trend in 2016 is virtual reality or commonly abbreviated as VR. Virtual reality is a technology that allows users or users to interact with existing environments in the virtual world simulated by the computer, so users feel in the environment. In Indonesian, virtual reality is known as virtual reality.
The main advantage of virtual reality is the experience that makes the user feel the sensation of the real world in the virtual world. Even the development of virtual reality technology today allows not only the sense of sight and hearing alone that can feel the real sensation of the virtual world of virtual reality, but also other senses.
Virtual reality technology has been widely applied in several industrial sectors such as medicine, aviation, education, architects, military, entertainment and so forth. Virtual reality is very helpful in simulating something that is difficult to be presented directly in the real world. Just as in the military field, instead of fielding troops directly into the battlefield as an exercise, virtual reality can present a virtual war simulation. The soldiers can feel the sensation of being on the battlefield with real virtual reality. Surely this can be more practical and more economical.
Utilization of virtual reality is also very helpful in the field of aviation. By using virtual reality, pilots can practice to fly a plane virtually. The pilots can feel the sensation of flying a plane without actually flying a real airplane. And of course will avoid the risk of an accident during exercise.

Virtual Reality Tools and Elements. 

What is the form of a virtual reality device? Devices used to support virtual reality technology are usually helmet, walker, headset and glove. Helmet works to make the appearance of the image seen by the users look more realistic and close.
While the headset can provide clear and clear sound effects, so that users dissolve in the 'real' atmosphere created by this technology. Walkers and gloves are in charge of capturing the movements of the feet and hands, as well as providing a real sensation of the hands and feet while in the environment created by the virtual reality.
For example, while on a real battlefield, users will feel like carrying real guns and feeling heavy footwork while in muddy ground.

Translated by Rizky Alfalah

One of other trends is virtual reality or usually called as VR. Virtual reality is a technology that makes the user can interact to environment within virtual world that simulated by computer. So that the user feels at being inside the environment. In indonesian, virtual reality is known as realitas maya.

The main advantage of virtual reality is the experience that makes the user feel the sensation of the real world in the virtual world. Even the development of virtual reality technology today doesn’t allow not only the sense of sight and hearing alone that can feel the real sensation of the virtual world of virtual reality, but also other senses.

Virtual reality technology has been applied in many sectors such as medicine, aviation, education, military, entertainment and so on. Virtual reality is very helpful in simulating something that is difficult to be presented directly in the real world. Just as in the military field, instead of deploying soldiers directly into the battlefield as an exercise, virtual reality can present a virtual war simulation. The soldiers can feel what is in the real world with virtual reality. Surely this can be more practical and more economical.

Utilization of virtual reality is also very helpful in the field of aviation. By using virtual reality, pilots can practice to fly a plane virtually. The pilots can feel the sensation of flying a plane without actually flying a real airplane. And of course will avoid the risk of an accident during exercise.

Virtual Reality Tools and Elements.

What is the form of a virtual reality device? Devices used to support virtual reality technology are usually helmet, walker, headset and glove. Helmet works to make the appearance of the image seen by the users look more realistic and close.
While the headset can provide clear and clear sound effects, so that users dissolve in the 'real' atmosphere created by this technology. Walkers and gloves are in charge of capturing the movements of the feet and hands, as well as providing a real sensation of the hands and feet while in the environment created by the virtual reality.
For example, while on a real battlefield, users will feel like carrying real guns and feeling heavy footwork while in muddy ground.

Tugas 1 Softskill Penerjemahan Berbantuan Komputer

Ijen Crater is one of amazing destinations in Indonesia. It has wowed many tourists from various countries. Ijen Crater is the biggest sulfur crater lake in the world,  which can produce 36 million cubic meters of sulfur and hydrogen chloride with an area of about 5466 hectares. Mount Ijen or known as Ijen Crater / Kawah Ijen is an active volcano. The Ijen crater itself lies at approximately 2,300 meters above sea level.

This dangerous crater has amazing beauty with green sulfur lake with dramatic view. Beside as a place to tourist destination, Ijen Crater is a place to traditional sulfur mining at the former area of eruption.

In Ijen Crater, you can see amazing large lake with blue fire at the night. Blue fire in Ijen Crater is a unique natural phenomena , which is available only in Indonesia and Iceland. The beauty  defeats the popularity  and the beauty of  sunrise in Mount Bromo, East Java. To see the miracle, you should climb from Paltuding  (Gate to start the climbing) for 3,8 km.

While treading the soil mixed with sand, the scenery around will reduce fatigue. The beauty of the blue fire will be ignoring the pungent smell of sulfur.

How to Get There

Ijen Crater is located in Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia. To reach Ijen Crater, there are two accesses, from north and south. From North, Ijen Crater can be reached through  Situbondo toward to Sempol (Bondowoso). The distance from Situbondo to Paltuding is about 93 km or 2.5 hours.

From South, ijen crater can be reached  through Banyuwangi toward to Licin (distance 15 km). The distance  from Licin to Paltuding is 18 km.

Translated by Google translate

Kawah Ijen adalah salah satu tujuan menakjubkan di Indonesia. Ini telah memukau banyak turis dari berbagai negara. Kawah Ijen adalah danau kawah belerang terbesar di dunia, yang bisa menghasilkan 36 juta meter kubik sulfur dan hidrogen klorida dengan luas sekitar 5.466 hektare. Gunung Ijen atau yang dikenal dengan Kawah Ijen / Kawah Ijen adalah gunung berapi aktif. Kawah Ijen terletak sekitar 2.300 meter di atas permukaan laut.

Kawah berbahaya ini memiliki keindahan yang menakjubkan dengan danau belerang hijau dengan pemandangan dramatis. Selain sebagai tempat tujuan wisata, Kawah Ijen merupakan tempat penambangan belerang tradisional di bekas daerah letusan.

Di Kawah Ijen, Anda bisa melihat danau besar yang menakjubkan dengan api biru di malam hari. Api biru di Kawah Ijen adalah fenomena alam yang unik, yang hanya tersedia di Indonesia dan Islandia. Keindahan mengalahkan popularitas dan keindahan matahari terbit di Gunung Bromo, Jawa Timur. Untuk melihat keajaibannya, Anda harus mendaki dari Paltuding (Gerbang untuk memulai pendakian) untuk 3,8 km.

Sementara menginjak tanah bercampur pasir, pemandangan disekitarnya akan mengurangi kelelahan. Keindahan api biru akan mengabaikan bau belerang yang menyengat.

Bagaimana menuju ke sana

Kawah Ijen terletak di Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Untuk mencapai Kawah Ijen, ada dua akses, dari utara dan selatan. Dari Utara, Kawah Ijen bisa ditempuh melalui Situbondo menuju Sempol (Bondowoso). Jarak dari Situbondo ke Paltuding sekitar 93 km atau 2,5 jam.

Dari Selatan, kawah ijen bisa ditempuh melalui Banyuwangi menuju ke Licin (jarak 15 km). Jarak dari Licin ke Paltuding adalah 18 km.

Translated by : Rizky Alfalah

4SA01

NPM : 19614664

Fenomena alami api biru di Kawah Ijen

Kawah Ijen adalah salah satu dari tempat yang menakjubkan di Indonesia. Tempat ini sudah membuat kagum banyak turis dari macam-macam negara. Kawah Ijen adalah danau sawah sulphur terbesar di dunia, yang memproduksi 36 juta meter kubik dari sulfur dan hidrogen klorida dengan area sekitar 5466 hektar. Gunung Ijen atau dikenal sebagai Kawah Ijen adalah gunung merapi aktif. Kawah Ijen ini sendiri terletak pada kira-kira 2,300 meter diatas laut.

Kawah berbahaya ini memiliki keindahan yang menakjubkan dengan pemandangan danau sulfur hijau yang dramatis. Disamping sebagai tempat tujuan wisatawan, Kawah Ijen adalah tempat untuk tambang tradisional sulfur pada daerah ledakan sebelumnya.

Di Kawah Ijen, kalian bisa melihat danau besar yang menakjubkan dengan api biru pada malam hari. Api biru di Kawah Ijen adalah fenomena alami yang unik, yang mana tersedia hanya di Indonesia dan Iceland. Kecantikan tempat ini mengalahkan popularitas dan kecantikan dari matahari terbit di Gunung Bromo, Jawa Timur. Untuk melihat keajaibannya, kalian harus mendaki dari Paltuding (Gerbang untuk memulai pendakian) sejauh 3,8 km. Sementara menginjak tanah bercampur dengan pasir, pemandangan disekitar akan mengurangi kelelahan. Kecantikan dari api biru nya akan mengabaikan bau menusuk dari sulfur.

Bagaimana untuk kesana

Kawah Ijen berlokasi di Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Untuk mencapai Kawah Ijen, ada dua jalan, dari utara dan selatan. Dari utara, Kawah Ijen bisa dicapai melewati Situbondo menuju Sempol (Bondowoso). Jarak dari Situbondo ke Paltuding sekitar 93 km atau 2.5 jam. Dari selatan, Kawah Ijen bisa dicapai melewati Banyuwangi menuju Licin (jarak 15 km). jarak dari Licin ke Paltuding adalah 18 km.

Tugas 2 PBIBK

DIRECT SPEECH:

1.        Dr. Cora Collette Breuner, who is a professor of pediatrics and adolescent medicine at Seattle Children’s Hospital, and the chairwoman of the A.A.P. Committee on Adolescence, said, “It should be brought up at adolescent visits: ‘Have you considered getting a tattoo, a piercing, where?’”

2.         “I don’t think health care practitioners should be critical or judgmental,” Dr. Breuner said. “That just drives the whole thing back into the alley.”

3.        “It wasn’t like I condoned it or hated it — I just wanted to be there to support her,” she said.

4.         “I wanted to make sure it was clean and sterile, and it was,” Dr. Breuner said.

5.        Sterile procedures were strictly observed, she said, including three changes of gloves. “I asked the guy, ‘What did you do before,’ and he was a surgical tech.”

6.        But as Dr. Breuner said, “Our job as pediatricians is to be sure our kids are taken care of.”

DIRECT SPEECH:

1.        Dr. Cora Collette Breuner, who is a professor of pediatrics and adolescent medicine at Seattle Children’s Hospital, and the chairwoman of the A.A.P. Committee on Adolescence, said that it should be brought up at adolescent visits: ‘Have you considered getting a tattoo, a piercing, where?’

2.        Dr. Breuner said that she didn’t think health care practitioners should be critical or judgmental, that just drove the whole thing back into the alley.

3.        She said that it hadn’t been like she had condoned it or hated it — she just had wanted to be there to support her.

4.        Dr. Breuner said she had wanted to make sure it had been clean and sterile, and it had been.

5.        Sterile procedures were strictly observed, she said, including three changes of gloves. That she had asked the guy, ‘What did you do before,’ and he had been a surgical tech.”

6.        But as Dr. Breuner said that our job as pediatricians was to be sure our kids were taken care of.

Taken from: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/18/well/family/when-adolescents-want-tattoos-or-piercings.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fhealth&action=click&contentCollection=health&region=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=3&pgtype=sectionfront

Andhika Yunandira                11614032

Fachrony Hutomo Putra         13614723

Haekal                                     14614665

Rizky Alfalah                          19614664

Sandi Hidayat                         19614977

4SA01

Tugas 1 PBIBK

When Adolescents Want Tattoos or Piercings

When I was reviewing for my recertification exam recently, I gave the wrong answer to a question about an infected ear. Not a standard inner ear infection; this was a painful red swollen outer ear, in an 18-year-old. I thought she had a skin abscess, and said to put her on antibiotics for standard skin organisms. Wrong. The adolescent in the problem had recently had a high piercing done, through the cartilage up toward the top of her ear, and she had perichondritis, an infection of the tissue layer that surrounds and nourishes that cartilage.

The correct answer was to give her antibiotics that cover Pseudomonas, a particularly nasty bacteria that can live in the external ear canal, but rarely causes any kinds of problems in immunologically normal people. This would be a very bad infection to miss or misdiagnose, since it could go on to cause bad damage to the cartilage itself, leading to deformity of the ear.

On Monday, the American Academy of Pediatrics released its first clinical report on tattooing, piercing and scarification in adolescents and young adults, including a close examination of the medical literature on these increasingly prevalent and increasingly mainstream forms of “body modifications” or “body art.”

High ear piercings are now common, as are nose piercings and other body piercings. The perichondritis question was included in my review materials in part to remind pediatricians that our adolescent patients may well be considering decorating or modifying their bodies; a Pew Research Center report cited in the new A.A.P. report said that in 2010, among 18- to 29-year-olds, 38 percent had at least one tattoo and 23 percent had a piercing somewhere other than the earlobe.

Tattoos, which were once viewed in pediatrics as evidence of a somewhat marginal and high-risk lifestyle, have become sufficiently mainstream that it is now possible to hear college students talk of marking their individuality by not getting tattooed. So many young people have tattoos that in 2015 the military relaxed the rules against them, which were discouraging too many potential recruits — though there are still restrictions against offensive tattoos or most that would be visible in uniform.

One of the report’s lead authors, Dr. Cora Collette Breuner, who is a professor of pediatrics and adolescent medicine at Seattle Children’s Hospital, and the chairwoman of the A.A.P. Committee on Adolescence, said, “It should be brought up at adolescent visits: ‘Have you considered getting a tattoo, a piercing, where?’” Pediatricians should be asking questions like, “Have you talked to your parents? Do you understand it’s permanent?” Dr. Breuner suggests that a child who wants a tattoo might consider a temporary tattoo first to see what it’s like to walk around with the decoration; parents can also suggest a waiting period, even for a young adult, before going ahead.

And the somewhat fraught area of “body modification” and “body art” can become an arena for discussing the nature of permanent decisions, body autonomy and personal health.

Opening the conversation could be an opportunity to emphasize the permanent nature of a tattoo (the report goes into the difficulties and the expense of tattoo removal, and also the limited success in many cases), and also to bring up the question of how a visible tattoo or piercing could affect employment opportunities later on. (And it’s not just a question of not being able to get a job in a more conservative setting; I recently heard about young actors with tattoos who have to show up extra early to get their tattoos covered with body makeup, or who sometimes get passed over for parts.)

“I don’t think health care practitioners should be critical or judgmental,” Dr. Breuner said. “That just drives the whole thing back into the alley.”

Doctors should urge teenagers considering tattoos or piercings to have these conversations with their parents, and to make sure that anything that gets done is done in a licensed and sanitary place, and that tetanus immunizations are up-to-date. And for adolescents who have had issues in the past with scarring, or who may have compromised immune systems — those who have lupus, for example, or those who have had cancer and may want a tattoo at the site of a scar — it’s an opportunity to review why this may be higher risk.

The legal rules on minors getting tattoos and body piercings vary from state to state; some states prohibit it outright, others allow it with parental consent, and still others require parental presence. But ideally, Dr. Breuner said, this should not just be a conversation in which a parent says ‘Absolutely not,’ and a child hears, ‘I just have to wait till I’m old enough.’ Instead of that firm no, especially with older adolescents, parents should consider offering “a firm maybe, let’s get more information so you don’t do something you wish you hadn’t done.”

When her own daughter, at 18, went to get her belly button pierced five years ago, Dr. Breuner accompanied her. “It wasn’t like I condoned it or hated it — I just wanted to be there to support her,” she said. “I wanted to make sure it was clean and sterile, and it was,” Dr. Breuner said. Sterile procedures were strictly observed, she said, including three changes of gloves. “I asked the guy, ‘What did you do before,’ and he was a surgical tech.”

But germs can get in when the skin is pierced, and one important role for doctors is to manage infections or complications. And there are certainly health considerations to be aware of — like the risks of skin infections after tattoos and piercings, but also including the transmission of blood-borne diseases such as hepatitis C if sterile procedures are not followed carefully All the risks are much higher with amateur tattooing and piercing than with licensed professionals.

When going to get a tattoo or a piercing, the report recommends, look for such evidence of sterile procedures as the use of new gloves, new needles or piercing equipment removed from sterile containers, and fresh ink poured into a disposable container for each new customer.

Reputable professionals should provide ample follow-up instructions, which should be carefully read and followed. Watch for the signs of infection, redness, swelling, any evidence of pus or drainage, and of course, fever, and red streaking lines on the skin. If a recent piercing continues to bleed, it may be that a blood vessel was hit and it isn’t clotting properly. All of these problems should be seen by a doctor — and ideally the doctor will be up on my test question and others like it.

It’s also important to keep up the vigilance; body piercings can take much longer to heal than many teenagers realize — the eyebrow, for example, takes six to eight weeks, but the navel can take up to nine months. Many body piercings have other implications for health, from the tooth chipping associated with tongue piercings (not to mention the risk of a piece of jewelry getting into the airway) to the problems with later breast-feeding that can follow nipple piercings.

I have taken care of teenagers with tongue piercings, and my general reaction, I have to admit, is: “Oh, yuck.” But as Dr. Breuner said, “Our job as pediatricians is to be sure our kids are taken care of.” And part of our job as parents is to help our adolescent children negotiate the complex journey to full adulthood and autonomy, which includes taking care of themselves.

Taken from: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/18/well/family/when-adolescents-want-tattoos-or-piercings.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fhealth&action=click&contentCollection=health&region=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=3&pgtype=sectionfront

Andhika Yunandira                11614032

Fachrony Hutomo Putra         13614723

Haekal                                     14614665

Rizky Alfalah                          19614664

Sandi Hidayat                         19614977

4SA01

Tugas 1 PBIBK

When Adolescents Want Tattoos or Piercings

When I was reviewing for my recertification exam recently, I gave the wrong answer to a question about an infected ear. Not a standard inner ear infection; this was a painful red swollen outer ear, in an 18-year-old. I thought she had a skin abscess, and said to put her on antibiotics for standard skin organisms. Wrong. The adolescent in the problem had recently had a high piercing done, through the cartilage up toward the top of her ear, and she had perichondritis, an infection of the tissue layer that surrounds and nourishes that cartilage.

The correct answer was to give her antibiotics that cover Pseudomonas, a particularly nasty bacteria that can live in the external ear canal, but rarely causes any kinds of problems in immunologically normal people. This would be a very bad infection to miss or misdiagnose, since it could go on to cause bad damage to the cartilage itself, leading to deformity of the ear.

On Monday, the American Academy of Pediatrics released its first clinical report on tattooing, piercing and scarification in adolescents and young adults, including a close examination of the medical literature on these increasingly prevalent and increasingly mainstream forms of “body modifications” or “body art.”

High ear piercings are now common, as are nose piercings and other body piercings. The perichondritis question was included in my review materials in part to remind pediatricians that our adolescent patients may well be considering decorating or modifying their bodies; a Pew Research Center report cited in the new A.A.P. report said that in 2010, among 18- to 29-year-olds, 38 percent had at least one tattoo and 23 percent had a piercing somewhere other than the earlobe.

Tattoos, which were once viewed in pediatrics as evidence of a somewhat marginal and high-risk lifestyle, have become sufficiently mainstream that it is now possible to hear college students talk of marking their individuality by not getting tattooed. So many young people have tattoos that in 2015 the military relaxed the rules against them, which were discouraging too many potential recruits — though there are still restrictions against offensive tattoos or most that would be visible in uniform.

One of the report’s lead authors, Dr. Cora Collette Breuner, who is a professor of pediatrics and adolescent medicine at Seattle Children’s Hospital, and the chairwoman of the A.A.P. Committee on Adolescence, said, “It should be brought up at adolescent visits: ‘Have you considered getting a tattoo, a piercing, where?’” Pediatricians should be asking questions like, “Have you talked to your parents? Do you understand it’s permanent?” Dr. Breuner suggests that a child who wants a tattoo might consider a temporary tattoo first to see what it’s like to walk around with the decoration; parents can also suggest a waiting period, even for a young adult, before going ahead.

And the somewhat fraught area of “body modification” and “body art” can become an arena for discussing the nature of permanent decisions, body autonomy and personal health.

Opening the conversation could be an opportunity to emphasize the permanent nature of a tattoo (the report goes into the difficulties and the expense of tattoo removal, and also the limited success in many cases), and also to bring up the question of how a visible tattoo or piercing could affect employment opportunities later on. (And it’s not just a question of not being able to get a job in a more conservative setting; I recently heard about young actors with tattoos who have to show up extra early to get their tattoos covered with body makeup, or who sometimes get passed over for parts.)

“I don’t think health care practitioners should be critical or judgmental,” Dr. Breuner said. “That just drives the whole thing back into the alley.”

Doctors should urge teenagers considering tattoos or piercings to have these conversations with their parents, and to make sure that anything that gets done is done in a licensed and sanitary place, and that tetanus immunizations are up-to-date. And for adolescents who have had issues in the past with scarring, or who may have compromised immune systems — those who have lupus, for example, or those who have had cancer and may want a tattoo at the site of a scar — it’s an opportunity to review why this may be higher risk.

The legal rules on minors getting tattoos and body piercings vary from state to state; some states prohibit it outright, others allow it with parental consent, and still others require parental presence. But ideally, Dr. Breuner said, this should not just be a conversation in which a parent says ‘Absolutely not,’ and a child hears, ‘I just have to wait till I’m old enough.’ Instead of that firm no, especially with older adolescents, parents should consider offering “a firm maybe, let’s get more information so you don’t do something you wish you hadn’t done.”

When her own daughter, at 18, went to get her belly button pierced five years ago, Dr. Breuner accompanied her. “It wasn’t like I condoned it or hated it — I just wanted to be there to support her,” she said. “I wanted to make sure it was clean and sterile, and it was,” Dr. Breuner said. Sterile procedures were strictly observed, she said, including three changes of gloves. “I asked the guy, ‘What did you do before,’ and he was a surgical tech.”

But germs can get in when the skin is pierced, and one important role for doctors is to manage infections or complications. And there are certainly health considerations to be aware of — like the risks of skin infections after tattoos and piercings, but also including the transmission of blood-borne diseases such as hepatitis C if sterile procedures are not followed carefully All the risks are much higher with amateur tattooing and piercing than with licensed professionals.

When going to get a tattoo or a piercing, the report recommends, look for such evidence of sterile procedures as the use of new gloves, new needles or piercing equipment removed from sterile containers, and fresh ink poured into a disposable container for each new customer.

Reputable professionals should provide ample follow-up instructions, which should be carefully read and followed. Watch for the signs of infection, redness, swelling, any evidence of pus or drainage, and of course, fever, and red streaking lines on the skin. If a recent piercing continues to bleed, it may be that a blood vessel was hit and it isn’t clotting properly. All of these problems should be seen by a doctor — and ideally the doctor will be up on my test question and others like it.

It’s also important to keep up the vigilance; body piercings can take much longer to heal than many teenagers realize — the eyebrow, for example, takes six to eight weeks, but the navel can take up to nine months. Many body piercings have other implications for health, from the tooth chipping associated with tongue piercings (not to mention the risk of a piece of jewelry getting into the airway) to the problems with later breast-feeding that can follow nipple piercings.

I have taken care of teenagers with tongue piercings, and my general reaction, I have to admit, is: “Oh, yuck.” But as Dr. Breuner said, “Our job as pediatricians is to be sure our kids are taken care of.” And part of our job as parents is to help our adolescent children negotiate the complex journey to full adulthood and autonomy, which includes taking care of themselves.

Taken from: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/18/well/family/when-adolescents-want-tattoos-or-piercings.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fhealth&action=click&contentCollection=health&region=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=3&pgtype=sectionfront

Andhika Yunandira                11614032

Fachrony Hutomo Putra         13614723

Haekal                                     14614665

Rizky Alfalah                          19614664

Sandi Hidayat                         19614977

4SA01

Tugas 1 PBIBK

When Adolescents Want Tattoos or Piercings

When I was reviewing for my recertification exam recently, I gave the wrong answer to a question about an infected ear. Not a standard inner ear infection; this was a painful red swollen outer ear, in an 18-year-old. I thought she had a skin abscess, and said to put her on antibiotics for standard skin organisms. Wrong. The adolescent in the problem had recently had a high piercing done, through the cartilage up toward the top of her ear, and she had perichondritis, an infection of the tissue layer that surrounds and nourishes that cartilage.

The correct answer was to give her antibiotics that cover Pseudomonas, a particularly nasty bacteria that can live in the external ear canal, but rarely causes any kinds of problems in immunologically normal people. This would be a very bad infection to miss or misdiagnose, since it could go on to cause bad damage to the cartilage itself, leading to deformity of the ear.

On Monday, the American Academy of Pediatrics released its first clinical report on tattooing, piercing and scarification in adolescents and young adults, including a close examination of the medical literature on these increasingly prevalent and increasingly mainstream forms of “body modifications” or “body art.”

High ear piercings are now common, as are nose piercings and other body piercings. The perichondritis question was included in my review materials in part to remind pediatricians that our adolescent patients may well be considering decorating or modifying their bodies; a Pew Research Center report cited in the new A.A.P. report said that in 2010, among 18- to 29-year-olds, 38 percent had at least one tattoo and 23 percent had a piercing somewhere other than the earlobe.

Tattoos, which were once viewed in pediatrics as evidence of a somewhat marginal and high-risk lifestyle, have become sufficiently mainstream that it is now possible to hear college students talk of marking their individuality by not getting tattooed. So many young people have tattoos that in 2015 the military relaxed the rules against them, which were discouraging too many potential recruits — though there are still restrictions against offensive tattoos or most that would be visible in uniform.

One of the report’s lead authors, Dr. Cora Collette Breuner, who is a professor of pediatrics and adolescent medicine at Seattle Children’s Hospital, and the chairwoman of the A.A.P. Committee on Adolescence, said, “It should be brought up at adolescent visits: ‘Have you considered getting a tattoo, a piercing, where?’” Pediatricians should be asking questions like, “Have you talked to your parents? Do you understand it’s permanent?” Dr. Breuner suggests that a child who wants a tattoo might consider a temporary tattoo first to see what it’s like to walk around with the decoration; parents can also suggest a waiting period, even for a young adult, before going ahead.

And the somewhat fraught area of “body modification” and “body art” can become an arena for discussing the nature of permanent decisions, body autonomy and personal health.

Opening the conversation could be an opportunity to emphasize the permanent nature of a tattoo (the report goes into the difficulties and the expense of tattoo removal, and also the limited success in many cases), and also to bring up the question of how a visible tattoo or piercing could affect employment opportunities later on. (And it’s not just a question of not being able to get a job in a more conservative setting; I recently heard about young actors with tattoos who have to show up extra early to get their tattoos covered with body makeup, or who sometimes get passed over for parts.)

“I don’t think health care practitioners should be critical or judgmental,” Dr. Breuner said. “That just drives the whole thing back into the alley.”

Doctors should urge teenagers considering tattoos or piercings to have these conversations with their parents, and to make sure that anything that gets done is done in a licensed and sanitary place, and that tetanus immunizations are up-to-date. And for adolescents who have had issues in the past with scarring, or who may have compromised immune systems — those who have lupus, for example, or those who have had cancer and may want a tattoo at the site of a scar — it’s an opportunity to review why this may be higher risk.

The legal rules on minors getting tattoos and body piercings vary from state to state; some states prohibit it outright, others allow it with parental consent, and still others require parental presence. But ideally, Dr. Breuner said, this should not just be a conversation in which a parent says ‘Absolutely not,’ and a child hears, ‘I just have to wait till I’m old enough.’ Instead of that firm no, especially with older adolescents, parents should consider offering “a firm maybe, let’s get more information so you don’t do something you wish you hadn’t done.”

When her own daughter, at 18, went to get her belly button pierced five years ago, Dr. Breuner accompanied her. “It wasn’t like I condoned it or hated it — I just wanted to be there to support her,” she said. “I wanted to make sure it was clean and sterile, and it was,” Dr. Breuner said. Sterile procedures were strictly observed, she said, including three changes of gloves. “I asked the guy, ‘What did you do before,’ and he was a surgical tech.”

But germs can get in when the skin is pierced, and one important role for doctors is to manage infections or complications. And there are certainly health considerations to be aware of — like the risks of skin infections after tattoos and piercings, but also including the transmission of blood-borne diseases such as hepatitis C if sterile procedures are not followed carefully All the risks are much higher with amateur tattooing and piercing than with licensed professionals.

When going to get a tattoo or a piercing, the report recommends, look for such evidence of sterile procedures as the use of new gloves, new needles or piercing equipment removed from sterile containers, and fresh ink poured into a disposable container for each new customer.

Reputable professionals should provide ample follow-up instructions, which should be carefully read and followed. Watch for the signs of infection, redness, swelling, any evidence of pus or drainage, and of course, fever, and red streaking lines on the skin. If a recent piercing continues to bleed, it may be that a blood vessel was hit and it isn’t clotting properly. All of these problems should be seen by a doctor — and ideally the doctor will be up on my test question and others like it.

It’s also important to keep up the vigilance; body piercings can take much longer to heal than many teenagers realize — the eyebrow, for example, takes six to eight weeks, but the navel can take up to nine months. Many body piercings have other implications for health, from the tooth chipping associated with tongue piercings (not to mention the risk of a piece of jewelry getting into the airway) to the problems with later breast-feeding that can follow nipple piercings.

I have taken care of teenagers with tongue piercings, and my general reaction, I have to admit, is: “Oh, yuck.” But as Dr. Breuner said, “Our job as pediatricians is to be sure our kids are taken care of.” And part of our job as parents is to help our adolescent children negotiate the complex journey to full adulthood and autonomy, which includes taking care of themselves.

Taken from: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/18/well/family/when-adolescents-want-tattoos-or-piercings.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fhealth&action=click&contentCollection=health&region=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=3&pgtype=sectionfront

Andhika Yunandira                11614032

Fachrony Hutomo Putra         13614723

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